The art déco interior of the grand concourse at the 30th Street Station in Philadelphia
Have you ever stepped into a beautifully designed room and felt instantly at ease? That's the power of interior design. It's the art and science of enhancing the interior of a building to create a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for its occupants. From conceptual development to construction management, interior designers bring spaces to life.
History and Evolution
Typical interior of one of the houses in the Folk Architecture Reservation in Vlkolínec (Slovakia)
Interior design has come a long way throughout history. In ancient India, architects doubled as interior designers, incorporating sculptures and wall art paintings in their design. In ancient Egypt, "soul houses" were filled with details about ventilation, columns, windows, and doors. And in ancient Greece and Rome, decorative mosaics and templated interiors were the norm.
Fast forward to the 17th and 18th century, and interior decoration became the concern of the homemaker or employed artisans. Architects sought the assistance of craftsmen to complete interior designs.
The Rise of Professional Interior Design
Illustrated catalog of the James Shoolbred Company, published in 1876
In the mid-19th century, as the middle class grew in size and prosperity, interior design services expanded. Large furniture firms offered full house furnishings in various styles. However, independent designers started challenging the monopoly of these firms through their creative approaches. This shift led to the emergence of professional interior design in the mid-20th century.
Renowned architect Owen Jones popularized the theories of interior design to the middle class. His most significant publication, "The Grammar of Ornament," outlined key principles of interior design and decoration in the 19th century. Other influential designers like Elsie de Wolfe and Syrie Maugham revolutionized the field by embracing vibrant colors and practicality.
The Profession of Interior Design
This interior was designed by John Dibblee Crace, President of the Institute of British Decorators, established in 1899.
Interior design has now become a recognized profession, requiring a combination of education, technical skills, and creativity. Designers must understand building codes, regulations, and ADA requirements to ensure functional and safe spaces. They work closely with architects, engineers, and contractors to bring their vision to life.
With various specialties available, interior designers can focus on residential, commercial, hospitality, healthcare, and many other areas. They can also specialize in specific design aspects such as furniture design or spatial branding. The profession continues to evolve, incorporating new technologies and design trends.
The Impact of Color
Interior design in a restaurant
Color plays a significant role in interior design. Different colors evoke various emotions and can transform the atmosphere of a space. Interior designers have a deep understanding of color theory and its psychological effects. By selecting appropriate color combinations, they create environments that align with their clients' desires.
From metallic colors to bright and neutral palettes, interior designers use color strategically to create visually appealing spaces that complement the overall design scheme.
Styles that Define Interior Design
Art Deco
Terracotta Art Deco sunburst design above front doors of the Eastern Columbia Building in Los Angeles; built 1930
Art Deco, which emerged in the early 20th century, emphasizes geometric shapes, clean lines, and metallic colors. It celebrates the machine age and rejects traditional materials in favor of chrome, glass, stainless steel, and lacquer. Art Deco furnishings and lighting fixtures are glossy and luxurious, often featuring inlaid wood and reflective finishes.
Modern Art
Modern design grew out of the early 20th-century decorative arts, with Frank Lloyd Wright and his iconic Fallingwater house leading the way. Modern art reached its peak during the 1950s and '60s. It is characterized by clean lines, simplicity, and functionality. Today, it is often referred to as "mid-century" design.
Arab Materials
Arab interior design showcases geometric designs and heavy lines inspired by textile and weaving patterns. In the Asir province of Saudi Arabia, "Majlis painting" is a popular form of mural or fresco that adorns the front parlors of traditional Arabic homes. Women in the community often complete the vibrant wall paintings, which represent shared taste and knowledge.
The Popularity and Influence of Interior Design
Interior design has gained significant popularity and influence, as evidenced by the numerous television shows, magazines, and radio programs dedicated to the subject. These platforms showcase the work of renowned designers and provide inspiration for homeowners and design enthusiasts.
From home makeover shows like "Trading Spaces" and "60 Minute Makeover" to interior design magazines like "Dwell" and "Domino," interior design has become a part of mainstream media. It highlights the creativity, functionality, and beauty that interior designers bring to our living spaces.
